Additional Technical References
Chapter 15: Electromigration (EM) Reliability Analysis
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Kitchin, John, "Statistical Electromigration Budgeting for Reliable Design and Verification in a 300-MHz Microprocessor", 1995 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, p. 115 - 116.
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Lienig, Jens, "Electromigration and Its Impact on Physical Design in Future Technologies", 2013 ACM International Symposium on Physical Design (ISPD), p. 33-40.
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Banerjee, K., and Mehrotra, A., "Coupled Analysis of Electromigration Reliability and Performance in ULSI Signal Nets", Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), 2001.
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Tao, Jiang, Cheung, Nathan, and Hu, Chenming, "Metal Electromigration Damage Healing Under Bidirectional Current Stress", IEEE Electron Device Letters, Volume 14, Number 12, December, 1993, p. 554-556.
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Jerke, Goran, and Leinig, Jens, "Early-Stage Determination of Current-Density Criticality in Interconnects", Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), 2010, p. 667-674.
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Lienig, Jens, "An Introduction to Electromigration-Aware Design", Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference on System-Level Interconnect Prediction (SLIP), p. 81-88.
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Mau, Hendrik, "Designing Integrated Circuits to Reduce Temperature Induced Electromigration Effects", US Patent 6,532,570 B1, Issued March 11, 2003.
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Banerjee, K., and Mehrotra, A., "Global Interconnect Warming", IEEE Circuits and Devices, September 2001, p. 16-32.
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"BEOL Interconnect Reliability", JEDEC Standard No. JESD85, Chapter 8.